Paired comparison models with age effects modeled as piecewise quadratic splines

We propose new models for analyzing pairwise comparison data, such as that relating to sports. We focus on changes in players’ strengths and the prediction of future results. Our models are based on the Thurstone-Mosteller and Bradley–Terry models, and make use of the time variation in the parameters. Furthermore, we apply our models to data from the Japanese traditional sport sumo, and analyze this data. The proposed models perform better than the standard Thurstone-Mosteller and Bradley–Terry models according to both the Akaike information criterion and the Brier score. We compare the proposed models in detail by focusing on individual sumo wrestlers.     

Bayesian selection of technology assumptions for the transformation from supply-use to input–output tables

ABSTRACT

In the construction of input–output models from supply-use tables, technology assumptions disambiguate how an industry uses inputs in the production recipe of multiple outputs. This paper uses Bayes' theorem to select technology assumptions, taking into account empirical observations. The paper presents a formulation to explore hybrids between product and industry technology assumptions in product-by-product tables. We then present Markov chain Monte-Carlo techniques to implement the Bayesian method for selecting technology assumptions. We apply the method in a case study using Eurostat supply-use tables of 2004 and 2005, exhibiting a volume of secondary products of less than 13%, and 59 products and industries per country. The results show that the choice of technology is not important, given that there is no strong evidence in favour of any of them.     

数字经济对区域创新绩效及其空间溢出效应的影响

数字化时代的经济运行方式呈现出数据驱动、万物互联、创新迭代的特征，数字经济的数字化、网络化、智能化属性对创新活动产生了深刻影响。运用空间杜宾模型，对361座城市2010-2018年度数据进行实证检验。检验结果表明，数字经济发展不仅能够带动本地创新绩效提升，而且对周边城市创新绩效也具有显著正向影响；与中、西部地区相比，东部地区数字经济对创新绩效的促进作用更强，空间溢出效应也更显著。由此，建议可从挖掘数据要素价值、搭建数字化平台、推动数字技术创新等角度发展数字经济，促进本地区和周边地区创新绩效共同提升。     

NVC龙企功能升级模式演进及机理纵向案例研究——技术自主性视角

国内龙头企业核心技术自主可控成为制约NVC（国内价值链）功能升级的关键问题。通过文献归纳，以能力自主与产权自主解构技术自主性内涵，并根据产品平台与技术轨道双维度划分NVC龙企功能升级模式。基于“能力—战略—行为—绩效（RSCP）”分析框架，选取华为海思公司作为纵向案例研究对象，探索技术自主性视角下NVC龙企功能升级模式及演进机理。结果发现，模块创新与知识产权创造能力通过产品渐进升级模式提升供应链；架构创新与知识产权布局能力可以调整技术轨道，通过产品突破升级模式I打通创新链；架构创新、模块创新和知识产权运营能力可以变革技术轨道，通过产品突破升级模式II主导价值链。     

科技企业孵化器何以激活区域创新——风险投资与孵化基金的中介作用

完善创新生态系统、提升区域创新能力是我国科技企业孵化器建设的重要目标。基于2013-2018年中国（内地）30个省份面板数据，采用面板数据模型实证检验科技企业孵化器是否促进了区域创新能力提升，并基于中介效应模型探讨风险投资和孵化基金在其中的间接作用。结果发现：①科技企业孵化器建设显著提升了区域创新水平，但主要增加的是实用新型和外观设计专利申请授权数总量，对发明专利申请授权数并没有显著促进作用。上述结果在剔除直辖市样本、采用随机效应模型及空间计量模型的稳健性检验后依然成立；②通过中介效应模型检验发现，区域风险投资和孵化基金集聚效应是科技企业孵化器影响区域创新水平的主要机制；③科技企业孵化器对区域创新的影响在不同区域间差异较大，在东部地区的创新激励效应更加显著，而且政策工具强度对科技企业孵化器与区域创新水平的关系具有正向调节作用。     

Correction to: Optimal and robust combination of forecasts via constrained optimization and shrinkage

We provide a correction to Proposition 1 in Optimal and robust combination of forecasts via constrained optimization and shrinkage, published in the International Journal of Forecasting 38(1):97-116 (2021). This correction has no impact on any other result (neither theoretical nor empirical) provided in the above paper.     

Combining forecasts for universally optimal performance

There are two potential directions of forecast combination: combining for adaptation and combining for improvement. The former direction targets the performance of the best forecaster, while the latter attempts to combine forecasts to improve on the best forecaster. It is often useful to infer which goal is more appropriate so that a suitable combination method may be used. This paper proposes an AI-AFTER approach that can not only determine the appropriate goal of forecast combination but also intelligently combine the forecasts to automatically achieve the proper goal. As a result of this approach, the combined forecasts from AI-AFTER perform well universally in both adaptation and improvement scenarios. The proposed forecasting approach is implemented in our R package AIafter, which is available at https://github.com/weiqian1/AIafter.     

科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络治理研究

建立一个完整、高效的创新生态系统是破解科技型小微企业创新困境、提高创新效率，以及助力新旧动能转换的有效途径。基于生态系统理论和演化动力学模型，构建科技型小微企业创新生态系统网络框架和网络联结模式，利用竞争、互利共生和捕食关系演化模型，分析演化模型的均衡点及其稳定条件。结果发现，创新生态位重叠程度决定了竞争激烈程度，系统演化均衡条件是主体间分工程度高，且嵌入适度。最后，从价值主体和机构主体两个方面〖JP〗提出推进科技型小微企业创新生态系统不断进化的治理策略。     

Japan's FDI drivers in a time of financial uncertainty. New evidence based on Bayesian Model Averaging

In this paper we analyse the determinants of Japanese outward FDI stock for the period 1996–2017. This period is especially relevant as it covers a process of increasing economic globalization and two financial crises. To this aim, we consider a large set of candidate variables based on the theory as well as on previous empirical analysis. Our sample includes a total of 27 host countries. We select the covariates using a data-driven methodology, the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) analysis. Moreover, we also analyse whether these determinants change depending on the degree of development (emerging vs developed) or the geographical areas (EU vs East Asia) of the countries considered. We find that Japan's FDI can be explained by a wide variety of variables, that include not only the typical gravitational ones but also institutional and macroeconomic variables, including those that measure financial development. Moreover, Japanese FDI can be explained by both horizontal and vertical FDI motives in the groups of countries analysed. However, in developed, and more precisely, EU countries, horizontal FDI strategies are predominant, whereas for East Asian and emerging countries, there is more evidence in favour of vertical FDI.     

广东省县域农业生产效率分析——基于2015-2019年揭阳市5县域DEA模型为例

农业生产效率提升是实现农业现代化的重要手段。本文以《揭阳市统计年鉴(2015-2019)》的农业相关数据,从县域的视角研究揭阳市农业生产效率,运用DEA模型对揭阳市5个县域的3个投入指标和1个产出指标进行实证分析。结果显示,2015-2019年揭阳市农业生产效率均属于DEA无效,总体效率提升并不明显,且各县域呈现发展不平衡的状态,仅惠来县位于生产前沿面上,普宁市的农业生产效率最低,规模报酬属于递减态势。因此,恰逢“十四五”谋划之时,对揭阳市各县域农业生产效率做出分析研究,为现阶段提升揭阳市农业生产效率提出有参考价值的建议,为广东省县域农业生产效率分析提供范本。